Here are some of the frequently asked questions:
Singlewall nanotube – SWNT
Multiwall nanotube – MWNT
When the material is made (as-produce) the nanotubes comes straight out of the reactor with the approximate concentration of 95% MWNT (90% in the case of SWNT) nanotube vs. non-nanotube material. These nanotubes are then processed and purified. This step yields an increase in purity of the tubes which are sold as “Purified Open Material”. This step uses a Heat and Acid Wash process, which removes the non-nanotubic material. (Non-Nanotubic material is usually comprised of amorphous and graphitic carbon, and metal catalyst. Also, process may shorten the nanotubes by “end eroding” during the acid wash which removes the ends caps of the nanotubes.
A summary of the steps follows:
Heat nanotubes in air to 300C to expose the carbon surface and oxidize the metal catalyst.
Sonicate and wash in nitric acid and/or HCL to remove the metal catalyst, amorphous carbons and to open the ends of the nanotubes.
Clean with solvent and hot air dry. (acetone, ether and etc.)
To determine the purity of the nanotubes TGA gives a quantitative analysis of the level of concentration of up to 98% nanotubes and if necessary we can reprocess the tubes to achieve the proper purity level and metal content < .2%. by weight* We also use SEM and TEM to view and evaluated the material. Typically, SEM is used to evaluate the raw, as produce, Nanotubes and TEM is used to evaluate the purified nanotubes. Not every batch is tested due to cost and test equipment availability, but tests are ordered when processes are changed. *(Care must be taken when weighting the ash/metal content of the Nanotube in the TGA, the metal catalyst Nickel tends to form NiO2 in the TGA. This can offset the actual weight of the metal through the addition of the oxygen.)
We sell c60 in a purified powdered state and this form of it has not been tested on humans. C60 olive oil has not been tested on humans. There’s an article available (The prolongation of the lifespan of rats by repeated oral administration of [60] fullerene – ScienceDirect) that suggest Carbon 60 (c60 or Buckyballs) dissolved in extra virgin olive oil works for anti-aging. The reports indicate it was successfully tested on rats and the rats that received the treatment lived twice as long as rats without the treatment.
The pure Carbon Fullerenes that come out of our reactor after chemical extraction of the raw material will contain:
Carbon 60 (C60)
Carbon 70 (C70)
Carbon 76 (C76)
Carbon 78 (C78)
Carbon 84 (C84), etc.
These are the pure Fullerene molecule spheres, and each will have its own properties and different concentration in the Raw Fullerene Soot. After further processing and refinement, the individual fraction of C60 and C70 is isolated into a powder of different purity levels.
So, when we express the purity of the Carbon 60 99.5 percent, it will contain a minimum of 99.5% C60 and less than 0.499% C70, C76, C78, C84 and higher.
Then C60 99.99% will contain less than 0.001% of C70, C76/C78, C84.
Example: 100 grams of C60- 99.5% will contain a minimum of 99.5 grams of C60 and less than 0.4999 grams of C70, C78, C76, C84 and higher.
The testing of the purity is performed using a High Pressure/Performance Liquid Chromatography technique in which the Carbon Fullerene sample is dissolved back into solvent and tested for its purity.
Lastly, the VOD grade goes through additional processing to remove the solvents out of the C60.
The solvent will consist of Toluene, Hexanes, and Benzene.
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
Product Name: FULLERENE EXTRACT
Other known names: (Fullerene mixture, Fullurite, C60/C70)
TOXICITY HAZARDS
No toxicity data available
HEALTH HAZARD DATA
Acute Effects:
May be harmful by inhalation, ingestion, or skin absorption, causes eye irritation. Material is irritating to mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract. To the best of our knowledge, the chemical, physical and toxicological properties have not been thoroughly investigated.
First Aid:
In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with water for at least 15 minutes. In case of contact, immediately wash skin with soap and water. If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing give artificial respiration.
PHYSICAL DATA
Appearance:
Dark gray/black powder
FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA
Extinguishing Media:
Water spray, carbon dioxide, dry chemical power, foam.
Unusual fire and explosion hazard:
Emits toxic fumes under fire conditions.
REACTIVITY DATA
Incompatibilities:
Strong oxidizing agents
Hazardous combustion or decomposition products:
Toxic fumes of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide
Decompose over time if expose to air.
SPILL OR LEAK PROCEDURES
Steps to be taken if material is released or spilled:
Wear respirator: niosh/osha approved for dust.
Chemical safety goggles: side shield safety glasses
Protect hands with suitable gloves: impervious
Sweep up, hold for waste disposal.
Waste Disposal Method:
Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator. Observe all federal, state and local environmental regulations.
STORAGE
Store in a cool dry place, out of direct light, keep container sealed.
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
Product Name: CARBON NANOTUBE
Other known names: (multiwall nanotubes, singlewall nanotubes, purified or non-purified, mwnt, swnt)
TOXICITY HAZARDS
No toxicity data available
HEALTH HAZARD DATA
Acute Effects:
May be harmful by inhalation, ingestion, or skin absorption, causes eye irritation. Material is irritating to mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract. To the best of our knowledge, the chemical, physical and toxicological properties have not been thoroughly investigated.
Rating:
Health: 2
Flammability: 0
PHYSICAL DATA
Appearance:
Dark gray powder
FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA
Extinguishing Media:
Water spray, carbon dioxide, dry chemical power, foam.
Unusual fire and explosion hazard:
Emits toxic fumes under fire conditions.
REACTIVITY DATA
Incompatibilities:
Strong oxidizing agents
Hazardous combustion or decomposition products:
Toxic fumes of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide
SPILL OR LEAK PROCEDURES
Steps to be taken if material is released or spilled:
Wear respirator: niosh/osha approved for dust.
Chemical safety goggles: side shield safety glasses
Protect hands with suitable gloves: impervious
Sweep up, hold for waste disposal.
Waste Disposal Method:
Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator. Observe all federal, state and local environmental regulations.
STORAGE
Store in a cool dry place, out of direct light, keep container sealed.
Results show that approximately 9-10 mg can at maximum be dissolved per mL of toluene at room temperature, when stirring the solution for a long time (several days). After that time, the dark red-brown solution is (almost) clear/transparent, meaning that the material has fully dissolved. We can, however, not exclude that some of it is still present as un-dissolved nanoparticles, which are not seen by the eye, nor can be easily filtered out. Sonification may lead to a higher solubility, however, may also lead to more of these nanoparticles.
C60 is not absorbed into the body unless it is dissolved in something. C60 is virtually insoluble in water, however olive oil has proved to be the best carrier and deemed harmless. Olive oil also contains substances such as polyphenols which are health giving. C60 is a strong antioxidant, much more potent than vitamin C and E. The antioxidant properties are thought to be the main way it achieves it beneficial effects.
This is an area where quite a few success stories have been reported by owners giving it to their pets. Aging dogs and cats and even those their owners had considered having to put to sleep due to the pain have been given a new lease of life. Improvements have particularly been seen with joint pain and mobility. C60 appears to help by reducing inflammation.
Carbon60 Plus has been clinically tested in dogs at 16 times the recommended dose and no toxicity was observed.
